Achilles tendinitis

The pain usually begins as a mild ache at the back of the leg or just above the heel after running or other sports activity. More severe episodes can follow prolonged running, stair climbing, or sprinting.

Tenderness and stiffness are also common — most noticeable first thing in the morning, and typically easing with light activity.

Achilles tendinitis is caused by repetitive or intense strain on the tendon, which is loaded every time you walk, run, jump, or push up onto your toes.

The tendon's structure weakens with age, making it more vulnerable to injury — particularly in people who play sports only on weekends, or who suddenly step up the intensity of their training.

A number of factors raise the risk of Achilles tendinitis:

- **Sex.** It occurs most commonly in men. - **Age.** Incidence rises with age. - **Physical factors.** A naturally flat foot arch, obesity, and tight calf muscles all place extra strain on the tendon. - **Training choices.** Running in worn-out shoes, running in cold weather, and running on hilly terrain all increase the risk. - **Medical conditions.** People with psoriasis or high blood pressure are at higher risk. - **Medications.** A class of antibiotics called fluoroquinolones has been associated with higher rates of Achilles tendinitis.

Chronic tendinitis weakens the Achilles tendon and makes it more vulnerable to a full tear (rupture) — a painful injury that usually requires surgical repair.

Tendinitis usually responds well to self-care measures. When the signs and symptoms are severe or persistent, further options are considered.

If over-the-counter pain medications — such as ibuprofen or naproxen — are not enough, stronger anti-inflammatory medication may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and relieve pain.