Heel spur

A heel spur is a bony growth on the underside of the heel bone (calcaneus). The underlying cause is usually plantar fasciitis — inflammation of the plantar fascia, the tendon that forms the arch of the foot from heel to sole.

Interestingly, the bony spur may be present for years without causing pain. In some people, pain appears suddenly without apparent reason after a long pain-free period.

**Symptoms:** Sharp pain under the heel on the first steps of the morning or after prolonged sitting. Walking often transitions the pain to a dull ache. Physical activity and long walks aggravate the condition. Swelling around the heel is possible.

**Causes:** Chronic, excessive pressure on the sole of the foot — from incorrect gait (particularly over-pronation, where the foot rolls inward and the arch collapses), weight gain, aging, or occupations requiring prolonged standing on hard floors. Usually a combination of these factors is responsible.

**Conservative first steps:** Rest from aggravating activities; apply ice packs (5–10 minutes); anti-inflammatory medication; orthotic insoles to correct over-pronation; daily stretching exercises.